Skip to content

Chemistry

Chemical reactions in GITM for Earth

O2→2O \begin{align} O_2 \rightarrow 2O \end{align}

EUV dissociation rate.

N2→2N \begin{align} N_2 \rightarrow 2N \end{align}

EUV dissociation rate.

O+O+M→O2+MR=9.59×10−46×e480Tn \begin{align} \begin{split} O + O + M \rightarrow O_2 + M \\ R = 9.59 \times 10^{-46} \times e^{\frac{480}{T_n}} \end{split} \end{align}

N2→N2+ \begin{align} N_2 \rightarrow N_2^+ \end{align}

EUV Ionization Rate.

N2→N2+ \begin{align} N_2 \rightarrow N_2^+ \end{align}

Auroral Ionization Rate.

O2→O2+ \begin{align} O_2 \rightarrow O_2^+ \end{align}

EUV Ionization Rate.

O2→O2+ \begin{align} O_2 \rightarrow O_2^+ \end{align}

Auroral Ionization Rate.

O(3P)→O+(4S) \begin{align} O(^3P) \rightarrow O^+(^4S) \end{align}

EUV Ionization Rate.

O(3P)→O+(2D) \begin{align} O(^3P) \rightarrow O^+(^2D) \end{align}

EUV Ionization Rate.

O(3P)→O+(2P) \begin{align} O(^3P) \rightarrow O^+(^2P) \end{align}

EUV Ionization Rate.

O(4S)→O+(4S)(40%)O(4S)→O+(2D)(40%)O(4S)→O+(2P)(20%) \begin{align} \begin{split} O(^4S) \rightarrow O^+(^4S) (40\%) \\ O(^4S) \rightarrow O^+(^2D) (40\%) \\ O(^4S) \rightarrow O^+(^2P) (20\%) \end{split} \end{align}

Auroral Ionization Rate.

O+(2D)+N2→N2++O+1.33eVR=8.0×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2D) + N_2 \rightarrow N_2^+ + O + 1.33 eV \\ R = 8.0\times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2P)+N2→N2++O+3.02eVR=4.8×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2P) + N_2 \rightarrow N_2^+ + O + 3.02 eV \\ R = 4.8\times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

N2++O2→O2++N2+3.53eVR=5.0×10−17×(Tn+Ti600)−0.8 \begin{align} \begin{split} N_2^+ + O_2 \rightarrow O_2^+ + N_2 + 3.53 eV \\ R = 5.0\times 10^{-17} \times \bigg(\frac{T_n+T_i}{600}\bigg)^{-0.8} \end{split} \end{align}

N2++O→NO++N(2D)+0.7eVR=1.4×10−16×(Tn+Ti600)−0.44 \begin{align} \begin{split} N_2^+ + O \rightarrow NO^+ + N(^2D) + 0.7 eV \\ R = 1.4\times 10^{-16} \times \bigg(\frac{T_n+T_i}{600}\bigg)^{-0.44} \end{split} \end{align}

N2++e−→2N(2D)+1.04eVR=1.8×10−13×(Te300)−0.39 \begin{align} \begin{split} N_2^+ + e^- \rightarrow 2N(^2D) + 1.04 eV \\ R = 1.8\times 10^{-13} \times \bigg(\frac{T_e}{300}\bigg)^{-0.39} \end{split} \end{align}

N2++O→O+(4S)+N2+1.96eVR=1.4×10−16×(Tn+Ti600)−0.44 \begin{align} \begin{split} N_2^+ + O \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + N_2 + 1.96 eV \\ R = 1.4\times 10^{-16} \times \bigg(\frac{T_n+T_i}{600}\bigg)^{-0.44} \end{split} \end{align}

I am not sure that this is correct, since it is the same as 2.8.

N22+NO→NO++N2+6.33eVR=4.1×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} N_2^2 + NO \rightarrow NO^+ + N_2 + 6.33 eV \\ R = 4.1 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(4S)+O2→O2++O+1.55eVR=2.82×10−17−7.740×10−18(TO2/300.0)+1.073×10−18(TO2/300.0)2−5.170×10−20(TO2/300.0)3+9.650×10−22(TO2/300.0)4 \begin{align} O^+(^4S) + O_2 \rightarrow O_2^+ + O + 1.55 eV \\ \begin{split} R = 2.82 \times 10^{-17} \\ & - 7.740\times 10^{-18}(T_{O2}/300.0) \\ & + 1.073\times 10^{-18}(T_{O2}/300.0)^2 \\ & - 5.170\times 10^{-20}(T_{O2}/300.0)^3 \\ & + 9.650\times 10^{-22}(T_{O2}/300.0)^4 \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2D)+O2→O2++4.865eVR=7.0×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2D) + O_2 \rightarrow O_2^+ + 4.865 eV \\ R = 7.0 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

N++O2→O2++N(4S)+2.486R=1.1×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} N^+ + O_2 \rightarrow O_2^+ + N(^4S) + 2.486 \\ R = 1.1 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

N++O2→O2++N(4D)+0.1R=2.0×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} N^+ + O_2 \rightarrow O_2^+ + N(^4D) + 0.1 \\ R = 2.0 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

O2++e−→O(1D)+O(1D)+3.06eV(31%)O2++e−→O(3P)+O(1D)+3.06eV(42%)O2++e−→O(3P)+O(3P)+3.06eV(22%)R=2.4×10−13(Te300)−0.7 \begin{align} \begin{split} O_2^+ + e^- \rightarrow O(^1D) + O(^1D) + 3.06 eV (31\%) \\ O_2^+ + e^- \rightarrow O(^3P) + O(^1D) + 3.06 eV (42\%) \\ O_2^+ + e^- \rightarrow O(^3P) + O(^3P) + 3.06 eV (22\%) \\ R = 2.4\times 10^{-13} \bigg(\frac{T_e}{300}\bigg)^{-0.7} \end{split} \end{align}

O2++N(4S)→NO++O+4.25eVR=1.5×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} O_2^+ + N(^4S) \rightarrow NO^+ + O + 4.25 eV \\ R = 1.5 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

O2++NO→NO++O2+2.813eVR=4.6×10−16 \begin{align} O_2^+ + NO \rightarrow NO^+ + O_2 + 2.813 eV \\ R = 4.6 \times 10^{-16} \end{align}

O2++N2→NO++NO+0.9333eVR=5.0×10−22 \begin{align} \begin{split} O_2^+ + N_2 \rightarrow NO^+ + NO + 0.9333 eV \\ R = 5.0 \times 10^{-22} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2D)+O→O+(4S)+O(3P)+3.31eVO+(2D)+O→O+(4S)+O(1D)+1.35eVR=1.0×10−17 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2D) + O \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + O(^3P) + 3.31 eV \\ O^+(^2D) + O \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + O(^1D) + 1.35 eV \\ R = 1.0 \times 10^{-17} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2D)+e−→O+(4S)+e−+3.31eVR=7.8×10−14(Te300)−0.5 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2D) + e^- \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + e^- + 3.31 eV \\ R = 7.8 \times 10^{-14}\bigg(\frac{T_e}{300}\bigg)^{-0.5} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2D)+N2→O+(4S)+N2+3.31eVR=8.0×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2D) + N_2 \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + N_2 + 3.31 eV \\ R = 8.0 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2P)+O→O+(4S)+O+5.0eVR=5.2×10−17 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2P) + O \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + O + 5.0 eV \\ R = 5.2 \times 10^{-17} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2P)+e−→O+(4S)+e−+5.0eVR=4.0×10−14(Te300)−0.5 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2P) + e^- \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + e^- + 5.0 eV \\ R = 4.0 \times 10^{-14}\bigg(\frac{T_e}{300}\bigg)^{-0.5} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2P)→O+(4S)+247.0nmR=0.047 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2P) \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + 247.0nm\\ R = 0.047 \end{split} \end{align}

N+O2→O+(4S)+NO+2.31eVR=3.0×10−17 \begin{align} \begin{split} N^+ O_2 \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + NO + 2.31 eV\\ R = 3.0 \times 10^{-17} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(4S)+N2→NO++N(4S)+1.10eVTeff=Ti+MOMO+MN2×MN2−Mb3kbVi2Mb=McMmcMc=∑nMnνinMn+MOMmc=∑nνinMn+MOR=1.533×10−18−5.920×10−19(Teff300)+8.600×10−20(Teff300)2(Teff<1700)R=2.730×10−18−1.155×10−18(Teff300)+1.483×10−19(Teff300)2(Teff>1700) \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^4S) + N_2 \rightarrow NO^+ + N(^4S) + 1.10 eV \\ T_{eff} = & T_i + \frac{M_O}{M_O + M_{N_2}}\times\frac{M_{N_2} - M_b}{3k_b}V_i^2 \\ M_b = &\frac{M_c}{M_{mc}} \\ M_c = & \sum_n \frac{M_n\nu_{in}}{M_n + M_O} \\ M_{mc} = & \sum_n \frac{ \nu_{in}}{M_n + M_O} \\ R = & 1.533\times 10^{-18} - \\ & 5.920\times 10^{-19} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg) + \\ & 8.600\times 10^{-20} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg)^2 \\ (T_{eff} < 1700) \\ R = & 2.730\times 10^{-18} - \\ & 1.155\times 10^{-18} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg) + \\ & 1.483\times 10^{-19} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg)^2 \\ (T_{eff} > 1700) \end{split} \end{align}

If Teff<350T_{eff} < 350, then Teff=350T_{eff} = 350.

If Teff>6000T_{eff} > 6000, then Teff=6000T_{eff} = 6000.

O+(4S)+O2→O2++O+1.55eVR=2.820×10−17−7.740×10−18(Teff300)+1.073×10−18(Teff300)2−5.170×10−20(Teff300)3+9.650×10−22(Teff300)4Teff=Ti+MOMO+MO2×MO2−Mb3kbVi2 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^4S) + O_2 \rightarrow O_2^+ + O + 1.55 eV\\ R = & 2.820\times 10^{-17} - \\ & 7.740\times 10^{-18} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg) + \\ & 1.073\times 10^{-18} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg)^2 - \\ & 5.170\times 10^{-20} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg)^3 + \\ & 9.650\times 10^{-22} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg)^4\\ T_{eff} = & T_i + \frac{M_O}{M_O + M_{O_2}}\times\frac{M_{O_2} - M_b}{3k_b}V_i^2 \end{split} \end{align}

If Teff<350T_{eff} < 350, then Teff=350T_{eff} = 350.

If Teff>6000T_{eff} > 6000, then Teff=6000T_{eff} = 6000.

O+(4S)+NO→NO++O+4.36eVR=8.36×10−19−2.02×10−19(Teff300)+6.95×10−20(Teff300)2(Teff<1500)R=5.33×10−19−1.64×10−20(Teff300)+4.72×10−20(Teff300)27.05×10−22(Teff300)3(Teff>1500)Teff=Ti+MOMO+MNO×MNO−Mb3kbVi2 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^4S) + NO \rightarrow NO^+ + O + 4.36 eV\\ R = & 8.36\times 10^{-19} - \\ & 2.02\times 10^{-19} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg) + \\ & 6.95\times 10^{-20} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg)^2 (T_{eff} < 1500)\\ R = & 5.33\times 10^{-19} - \\ & 1.64\times 10^{-20} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg) + \\ & 4.72\times 10^{-20} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg)^2 \\ & 7.05\times 10^{-22} \bigg(\frac{T_{eff}}{300}\bigg)^3 (T_{eff} > 1500) \\ T_{eff} = & T_i + \frac{M_O}{M_O + M_{NO}}\times\frac{M_{NO} - M_b}{3k_b}V_i^2 \end{split} \end{align}

If Teff<350T_{eff} < 350, then Teff=350T_{eff} = 350.

If Teff>6000T_{eff} > 6000, then Teff=6000T_{eff} = 6000.

O+(4S)+N(2D)→N++O+1.45eVR=1.3×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^4S) + N(^2D) \rightarrow N^+ + O + 1.45 eV\\ R = 1.3 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2P)+e−→O+(2D)+e−+1.69eVR=1.3×10−13(Te300)−0.5 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2P) +e^- \rightarrow O^+(^2D) + e^- + 1.69 eV\\ R = 1.3 \times 10^{-13} \bigg(\frac{T_e}{300}\bigg)^{-0.5} % te3m05 \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2P)→O+(2D)+732nmR=0.171 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2P) \rightarrow O^+(^2D) + 732nm\\ R = 0.171 \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2D)→O+(4S)+372.6nmR=7.7×10−5 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2D) \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + 372.6nm\\ R = 7.7\times 10^{-5} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2P)+N2→N++NO+0.70eVR=1.0×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2P) + N_2 \rightarrow N^+ + NO + 0.70 eV\\ R = 1.0 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

O2++N(2D)→N++O2R=2.5×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+_2 + N(^2D) \rightarrow N^+ + O_2 \\ R = 2.5 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2P)+N→N++O+2.7eVR=1.0×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2P) + N \rightarrow N^+ + O + 2.7 eV \\ R = 1.0 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

O+(2D)+N→N++O+1.0eVR=7.5×10−17 \begin{align} \begin{split} O^+(^2D) + N \rightarrow N^+ + O + 1.0 eV \\ R = 7.5 \times 10^{-17} \end{split} \end{align}

N++O2→NO++O(1D)+6.67eVR=2.6×10−16 \begin{align} \begin{split} N^+ + O_2 \rightarrow NO^+ + O(^1D) + 6.67 eV \\ R = 2.6 \times 10^{-16} \end{split} \end{align}

N++O→O+(4S)+N+0.93eVR=5.0×10−19 \begin{align} \begin{split} N^+ + O \rightarrow O^+(^4S) + N + 0.93 eV \\ R = 5.0 \times 10^{-19} \end{split} \end{align}

NO++e−→O+N(2D)+0.38eVR=4.0×10−13(Te300)−0.5 \begin{align} \begin{split} NO^+ + e^- \rightarrow O + N(^2D) + 0.38 eV \\ R = 4.0 \times 10^{-13} \bigg(\frac{T_e}{300}\bigg)^{-0.5} % te3m05 \end{split} \end{align}

N(2D)+e−→N(4S)+e−+2.38eVR=5.5×10−16(Te300)−0.5 \begin{align} \begin{split} N(^2D) + e^- \rightarrow N(^4S) + e^- + 2.38 eV\\ R = 5.5 \times 10^{-16} \bigg(\frac{T_e}{300}\bigg)^{-0.5} % te3m05 \end{split} \end{align}

N(2D)+O→N(4S)+O(3P)+2.38eV(90%)N(2D)+O→N(4S)+O(1D)+0.42eV(10%)R=2.0×10−18 \begin{align} \begin{split} N(^2D) + O \rightarrow N(^4S) + O(^3P) + 2.38 eV (90\%)\\ N(^2D) + O \rightarrow N(^4S) + O(^1D) + 0.42 eV (10\%)\\ R = 2.0 \times 10^{-18} \end{split} \end{align}

N(2D)→N(4S)+520nmR=1.06×10−5 \begin{align} \begin{split} N(^2D) \rightarrow N(^4S) + 520nm \\ R = 1.06 \times 10^{-5} \end{split} \end{align}

NO→N(4S)+OR=4.5×10−6e(−1×10−8([O2]×10−6)0.38) \begin{align} \begin{split} NO \rightarrow N(^4S) + O \\ R = 4.5 \times 10^{-6} e^{(-1\times 10^{-8}([O_2]\times 10^{-6})^{0.38})} \end{split} \end{align}

N(4S)+O2→NO+O+1.385eVR=4.4×10−18e−3220Tn \begin{align} \begin{split} N(^4S) + O_2 \rightarrow NO + O + 1.385 eV \\ R = 4.4 \times 10^{-18} e^{-\frac{3220}{T_n}} \end{split} \end{align}

N(4S)+NO→N2+O+3.25eVR=1.5×10−18Tn \begin{align} \begin{split} N(^4S) + NO \rightarrow N_2 + O + 3.25 eV\\ R = 1.5 \times 10^{-18} \sqrt{T_n} \end{split} \end{align}

N(2P)→N(2D)+1040nmR=7.9×10−2 \begin{align} \begin{split} N(^2P) \rightarrow N(^2D) + 1040nm\\ R = 7.9 \times 10^{-2} \end{split} \end{align}

N(2D)+O2→NO+O(3P)+3.76eV(90%)N(2D)+O2→NO+O(1D)+1.80eV(10%)R=6.2×10−18Tn300 \begin{align} \begin{split} N(^2D) + O_2 \rightarrow NO + O(^3P) + 3.76 eV (90\%)\\ N(^2D) + O_2 \rightarrow NO + O(^1D) + 1.80 eV (10\%)\\ R = 6.2 \times 10^{-18} \frac{T_n}{300} \end{split} \end{align}

N(2D)+NO→N2+O+5.63eVR=7.0×10−17 \begin{align} \begin{split} N(^2D) + NO \rightarrow N_2 + O + 5.63 eV\\ R = 7.0 \times 10^{-17} \end{split} \end{align}

O(1D)→O(3P)+630nmR=0.0071 \begin{align} \begin{split} O(^1D) \rightarrow O(^3P) + 630nm\\ R = 0.0071 \end{split} \end{align}

O(1D)→O(3P)+636.4nmR=0.0022 \begin{align} \begin{split} O(^1D) \rightarrow O(^3P) + 636.4nm\\ R = 0.0022 \end{split} \end{align}

I don't understand this...

O(1D)+e−→O(3P)+e−+1.96eVR=2.6×10−17Te(0.5)e(−22740/Te) \begin{align} \begin{split} O(^1D) + e^- \rightarrow O(^3P) + e^- + 1.96 eV\\ R = 2.6 \times 10^{-17} T_e^(0.5)e^(-22740/T_e) \end{split} \end{align}

O(1D)+N2→O(3P)+ \begin{align} O(^1D) + N_2 \rightarrow O(^3P) + \end{align}